Essay the Bad Seed - 875 Words

The world itself is full of people and the secrets hidden within. A prime example of this are from books like The Bad Seed by William March and We Have Always Lived in the Castle by Shirley Jackson. These two novels both contain characters with many secrets, many dark secrets that cause them to hide and live away from society. In a sense, these characters live in â€Å"secret worlds†. Starting off with The Bad Seed, Rhoda, the main character who is responsible for violent crimes and her mother Christine who is the â€Å"guardian angel† that’s responsible for keeping Rhoda out of trouble. Just like Rhoda, the character Merricat from We Have Always Lived in the Castle is the one causing the trouble and her sister Constance is the protector. The dark†¦show more content†¦Later on in the novel, she then commits yet another murderous action on Leroy Jessup. The main reason being that she is afraid that Leroy will expose her of her deeds and so she decides to kill him. This is another example of how confused and naive Rhoda is and how she needs guidance from a strong-minded individual. The same applies to Merricat but she is lucky enough to have Constance as her support, who appears to be more strong-minded than Christine. After poisoning her family members with arsenic, Merricat expresses her feelings by saying, â€Å"Fate intervened. Some of us, that day, she led inexorably through the gates of death. Some of us, innocent and unsuspecting, took, unwillingly, that one last step to oblivion†. Fortunately for both her and Constance, Constance survived the poisoning attempt and Marricat supports this by saying, â€Å"Some of us took very little sugar.† Following the poisoning incident, the townsfolk have been starting to look down on them with disgrace and hate. This persuades the sisters to live a life of secrecy away from society. It’s the feeling of neglect, hate, being afraid and even being afraid of that possibl y led them to living this type of lifestyle. For example, in the book Merricat said, â€Å"I cant help it when people are frightened†. The people living within the town are showing that they’re afraid of her and want nothing to do with her. On another note, she also said, â€Å"I would have liked to come into theShow MoreRelatedAmerican Society Is A Box Of Apples964 Words   |  4 Pagescondition. However as you start reaching the bottom you find the bad apples, the ones that are bruised, expired, and have worms in them. I am those apples I was bruised because of my race, expired because of my ethnicities, and filled with worms from the nationality that I was not a part of. Race, ethnicity, and nationality are these qualities that defines a bad apple versus a good apple, a tainted apple or clean apple. Race is the seed of the apple. It determines whether the apple will be a greenRead MoreFarmers Getting Played A Monopoly Essay1719 Words   |  7 PagesAndrew Luetkenhaus 29 November 2016 English 1000-Cox Essay 3 Farmers Getting Played When one company controls ninety-percent of a market, it is reasonable to open the doors to the possibility of a monopoly. This word is a board game to some, a boring econ principle to others, but a harsh reality for twenty-four million American farmers and their families. (Farmers Feed Us) Monsanto has taken control of the farming world and it is hitting farmers hard. The powerful company controls ninety-percentRead MoreA Defense Of Abortion By Judith Jarvis Thomson1549 Words   |  7 PagesIn this essay I will argue why a woman has a right to self-defence but only in certain cases, for example, rape or where the mother’s life would be at risk if she did not have an abortion. In such circumstances, the woman’s right to self-defence outweighs a fetus’ right to life, however I would not allow that the mother’s right outweighs the fetus’ if the mother wanted to have an abortion of convenience because this denies the child of possible future experien ces. Firstly, I will outline Judith JarvisRead MoreWhy GMOs Should Be Banned674 Words   |  3 Pagesskyrocketed with over 100 million acres worldwide planted with GMO seeds. The most important and basic aspect we must keep the forefront of our minds when discussing an issue of human food is: Is it safe for humans to eat? This idea has been widely debated by scientists, governments and private companies around the world. While there are many possible health concerns related to GMOs, there is one issue I be highlighting in this essay. That is allergenicity, according to a study conducted in the mid-1990sRead MoreThe Use of Birds in Chronical of a Death Foretold by Gabriel Garcia Marquez1009 Words   |  5 Pagesideas and messages to the reader. Some of the roles taken by the symbolism of birds include indicating signs of the future and afterlife, supporting character portrayal and development throughout the text. The symbolism of birds is discussed in the essay because the recurring images of birds have a pertinent significance to the novella. In literature, birds are commonly viewed as signs of freedom while in flight, yet while they are entrapped in cages, they symbolize the struggle for freedom. GabrielRead MoreThe Geography Of Breakfast Food966 Words   |  4 PagesJaden Cody Minor 26 August 2014 AP Human Geography The Geography of Breakfast Food Essay A. Q:Where and how is the breakfast item produced? A:Coffee is mainly produced on five out of seven continents on coffee plantations. 1. Coffee is one of the most common breakfast items found on any table in the morning and now sold all throughout the day. Coffee is grown and exported from places like Columbia and the Asian Pacific, to anywhere like Hawaii and the biggest producer, Brazil. 1/3 of theRead MoreWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies937 Words   |  4 Pagesturned into savages it helps prove that the bad genes inside versus the good genes played more of a roll and not so much the external environment, in who turned wild and who tried to keep up with the rules of society they knew before they crash landed on the island. Jack and Roger seemed to be the real â€Å"bad seeds† and without adults they became leader of the cruel, savages behavior on the island. Whether it was the way they were raised or they were just bad genetics, all it took was for Jack not gettingRead MoreBenefits Of Genetically Modified Organisms1304 Words   |  6 PagesAgrumentative Essay Did you know 80% of all our foods are genetically modified? Scientists have proved the safety of all Genetically modified organisms, although China, Russia, and 60 other countries require labeling of there gentically modified ingredients, yet the United States does not label the products which are genetically modified. If Genetically modified organisms are so safe, then what s there to hide? Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) are processed foods in which genes of one speciesRead MoreAre They Safe For The Environment And Human Consumption?885 Words   |  4 Pagesalready in the plants original building block. (GMO) is bad for the environment and puts human health at risk. Introduction Due to climate change and overpopulation foods have been introduce into the global marketplace that has been genetically modified by altering the plants original D.N.A to make the plant more drought resistance, pest resistance or give it added nutritional benefits. This action creates food for human consumption that in is bad for the environment and puts human health at risk. Read MoreMy Personal Writing Process1276 Words   |  6 PagesI am happy with and proud of, confusion towards which steps to take and when, confusion about if I am processing my literature correctly. As a current college student, one would hope I had grasped the concept of how to write an essay long ago; to write a complete essay in one sitting is an elementary skill for most. However, as for I, at age 18, 2 and a half years of college years to reference and an abundance of information to recall from a freshly passed high school, have yet to master, or even

Shakespeares Sonnet #73 Essay - 787 Words

Shakespeares Sonnet #73, published in 1609, is written in the Shakespearean or English sonnet style. It consists of three quatrains and one couplet at the end, written in iambic pentameters. Each quatrain has its own rhyme scheme, rhyming in alternating lines. The couplet summarizes the preceding twelve lines. Sonnet 73 appears to contain multiple parallels to death and the person speaking in the poem gives the impression that he is near death and reflecting back upon life. The first quatrain, â€Å"That time of the year thou mayst behold me/ When yellow leaves, or none, or few do hang/ Upon those boughs which shake against the cold/ Bare ruin choirs where late the sweet bird sang.† He seems to be comparing his life the unspecified season,†¦show more content†¦Meaning, death will come, without question. He plays upon the sun setting, which in some cultures was a god dying every evening (and he would be reborn every morning). The sun setting could also be regarded as the sun going to sleep, which plays on the last line of the quatrain, quot;Deaths second self, which seals upon rest.quot; This line talks of the eternal sleep, or death. This quatrain suggests a night without the possibility of day, quot;seals upon rest.quot; In the third quatrain, â€Å"In me the glowing of such fire/ That on the ashes of his youth doth lie/ As the deathbed whereon it must expire/ Consuming with that which it was nourished by.† He seems to compare his life to fire, burning bright in youth, when energy and ideas bound forth, but eventually it all turns to ashes, fragments of the passing youth, essentially death. He also makes implications of lying upon the ashes, his deathbed, of days gone by, days when he was young and full of energy. The fire proposes finality, the non-cyclical process that night and the seasons are part of, which Shakespeare has worked towards in the poem. The final couplet, â€Å"This thou percev’st which makes thy love more strong/ To love that well which thou must leave ereShow MoreRelated Essay on Shakespeare’s Sonnet 73799 Words   |  4 PagesInterpretation of Shakespeare’s Sonnet 73 nbsp; Sonnet 73 is a meditation on mortality, and yet it can be interpreted in a number of ways. The first such interpretation is that the author of the poem is speaking to someone else about his own death that will inevitably come in the future. This interpretation has the poem focused on the author, and his focus and concern over himself. This makes him seem very selfish, because we are all going to die sooner or later, and it does not do any goodRead More An Analysis of Shakespeares Sonnet 73 Essay example1241 Words   |  5 PagesAn Analysis of Shakespeares Sonnet 73      Ã‚   Sonnet 73 by William Shakespeare is widely read and studied. But what is Shakespeare   trying to say? Though it seems there will not be a simple answer, for a better understanding of Shakespeares Sonnet 73, this essay offers an explication of the sonnet from The Norton Anthology of English Literature:      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   That time of year thou mayst in me behold   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When yellow leaves, or none, or few, do hang   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   UponRead More Essay on Metaphors for Death in Shakespeares Sonnet 73543 Words   |  3 PagesMetaphors for Death in Shakespeares Sonnet 73 William Shakespeares Sonnet 73: That Time of Year Thou Mayest in Me Behold is a sonnet that examines the fears and anxieties that surround growing old and dying -- a topic that resonates within us all. Shakespeares use of metaphor to illustrate decay and passing are striking, and sets a somber tone throughout. He uses the season of Fall, the coming of night, and the burning out of a flame as metaphors for old age and death, and then uses theRead More Eroticism and Mortality in Shakespeares Sonnet 73 Essay1803 Words   |  8 PagesEroticism and Mortality in Shakespeares Sonnet #73 William Shakespeares sonnet cycle is famous with its rich metaphorical style.   The depth of each sonnet comes from its multilayered meanings and images, which are reinforced by its structure, sound, and rhythm.   Sonnet #73 provides an excellent example.   This sonnet shows the speakers agony over human mortality and, moreover, his/her way of coping with it in an effective way.   The speaker, especially in terms of his cognizance of timeRead More Compare William Shakespeare’s Sonnets 12 and 73 Essay2320 Words   |  10 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s Sonnets 12 and 73 William Shakespeare (1564-1616) wrote a group of 154 sonnets between 1592 and 1597, which were compiled and published under the title Shakespeares Sonnets in 1609. 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UK’s Barclaycard and the Need to Outsource Free Essays

string(109) " similar to the UK and the English speaking inhabitants will never pose a problem in terms of communication\." In the 21st there are two terms that keep on buzzing in the headlines: globalization and global telecommunications. These two are related because if technology continues to improve then the whole planet goes high-tech – each person beginning to realise that the world is shrinking and every year or so improvements in mobile communications, the Internet and the proliferation of wireless devices makes it easier to communicate with one another. One major implication of technology change is a concept called outsourcing. We will write a custom essay sample on UK’s Barclaycard and the Need to Outsource or any similar topic only for you Order Now This idea is nothing new but UK’s Barclaycard is just one of the many global corporations that acknowledges the need to outsource. But it is not as simple as that, Barclaycard had to make a difficult decision, to choose between two places where they can outsource a portion of their operations – whether to ship some of their work to India or the Philippines. Overview According to Richard Bolin, Director of The Flagstaff Institute, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA, the phenomenon of outsourcing is nothing new and even as early as 20 years ago there are industrialised countries who made the connection between outsourcing and profitability: Japan intentionally got rid of sewing factories to Southeast Asia by 1981. They couldn’t waste their precious labour supply on low value sewing operations. This is what outsourcing is all about. If a company does not outsource, it will die. And if its country does not find new industries to replace the inefficient ones, it will not attract new investment and better jobs. Everybody has to understand this (Bolin). Bolin is just one of many business leaders that place their faith in outsourcing and believing that this strategy is not a threat to the nation’s economy. In the long run it will benefit the economy because it will create a very efficient system where the following positive outcomes can be expected (Brown, 2005): †¢ Increase sales opportunities †¢ Prevent missed opportunities †¢ Reduce annual costs almost immediately †¢ Enable business to focus on core competencies †¢ Reduce or eliminate customer complaints †¢ Increase customer loyalty In a nutshell, outsourcing is the obtaining of services from an external source, outside the company. A more technical definition uses the term Business process outsourcing (BPO), â€Å"†¦BPO occurs when an organisation turns over the management of a particular business process such as accounting or payroll †¦ the underlying theory is that the BPO firm can complete the process more efficiently† (Brown, 2005). It is easy to comprehend that if global corporations fail to figure out the beauty of outsourcing then they will be left behind by their competitors. They will eat the dust left behind by those who were able to grasp the idea that allowing others to do low value operations is the future of effective business management. It is similar to hiring a driver to do the more redundant work of driving in order to free up the CEO to do more important tasks. The positive feedback is the main reason why business process outsourcing is such a hot topic in the world today. But it does not mean that everything will turn out to be great whenever a company decides to outsource part of its operations overseas. There are obviously so many things to consider. Each case must be treated separately and a thorough analysis of the operation, the core values of the company as well as pertinent information regarding the outsourcing destination must be considered prior to the decision to shut down one portion of the operations component of the firm and outsource it outside the country. Barclaycard UK A casual overview of companies that decided to outsource part of their operations overseas will reveal that most of them have a common denominator. These companies are either in the manufacturing industry or it is a business that relies heavily on Information Technology. Those in manufacturing will find the conditions in China particularly attractive because of the availability of cheap labour as well as the competitive costs of building and maintaining factories. Those in need of IT personnel will turn to India simply because this is a nation where there is a relatively high concentration of English speaking people that are at the same time tech-savvy and many are knowledgeable about current trends in the IT sector (Pogson, 2008). Barclaycard is one European powerhouse that could not afford not to outsource. Barclaycard is part of the Barclays Group a conglomerate that can be found in the United Kingdom. It is Europe’s largest multi-brand credit card and also provides other forms of consumer lending businesses. Barclaycard continues to lead the way in Europe and according to their official press release they are the most recognized brand in UK with over 10 million retail customers. But they are still expanding – there are currently 8. 8 million credit cards in issue outside the UK and the firm also maintains operations in over fifty countries and four continents. According to another expert, outsourcing is unavoidable and yet he cautions that it must be likened to a journey, requiring adequate planning and coordination (Pogson, 2008). This is especially true for Barclaycard. It is not an ordinary firm responsible for the manufacture of cheap products. It is a company that handles a very important aspect of European business which is the issuance of credit cards and various lending services. In other words this is a type of business that requires high level thinking and performed by not only the most technically proficient people in the planet but also those that have the highest integrity. There are three possible destinations if Barclaycard decides to outsource part of their least important operations outside the country there are three possible candidates: India, Philippines, and the Republic of Ireland. Considering first the Republic of Ireland, it is easy to gauge that it will not be as cost-effective as transferring the operations to India or the Philippines. The only possible advantage is that the Republic of Ireland is culturally similar to the UK and the English speaking inhabitants will never pose a problem in terms of communication. You read "UK’s Barclaycard and the Need to Outsource" in category "Papers" But other than these two considerations, it is doubtful if Ireland can compete in terms of outsourcing rates when comparing the wages of workers in Europe to those in Asia. Considering India It is not hard to put India on top of the list. There are many advantages of using the skilled workforce of India to tackle the outsourcing needs of Barclaycard. According to finance experts at Moody’s, â€Å"India will remain a top outsourcing destination because of its tech-savvy and English-proficient urban workforce whose wages are much lower than their western counterparts† (Moody’s Investors Service, 2009). The nation has a population of more than one billion people. From this number there are millions of educated English speakers entering the workforce each year (Kobayashi-Hillary, 2004). The Indian workforce provides a compelling argument as to why Barclaycard should outsource to India. Trevor Foster-Black is the managing director of Coalition Development, a UK research company that provides information to recruitment firms and he remarked that their company uses researchers from India to structure and format data and he adds, â€Å"It would be very difficult to find such high-calibre people to do similar work in London †¦ They arrive at 4am our time and everything’s finished by the time we arrive† (Kobayashi-Hillary, 2004). It is truly amazing to realise that the location of India can be a source of another advantage; in essence Barclaycard’s operations can be sustained 24 hours a day and seven days a week due to the time differences. If Barclaycard will use the same strategy in their UK offices they would incur significant costs in terms of payroll alone. One can only imagine the numbers that will be generated by overtime and other costs related to keeping an operation functioning round the clock. But if they will outsource to India, the executives at the UK headquarters can send part of their workload to their people in India and they can work while the executives are going to bed. This ensures that workflow is not interrupted and therefore Barclaycard can achieve cost-efficiency very quickly. If Barclaycard will outsource all of its call centres to India then the same level of efficiency and cost savings can be expected. The English speaking workforce in India will ensure that credit card holders can be assured of easy access to customer representatives 24/7 wherever they are in the world. The low outsourcing rates in India will also allow Barclaycard to maintain a 24 hour cycle operations without downtime and therefore Barclaycard is just a phone call away whenever a customer encountered problems with their credit cards. Barclaycard will definitely find it worthwhile to invest in India but globalization as well as rapid development in technology can create weakness out of strength. This means that India can be a victim of its own success. According to one commentary there are two issues that concerns would be investors: 1) security; and 2) the unravelling of a top IT service provider, Satyam. These problems are forcing European companies to create more geographically dispersed portfolio of IT outsourcing providers (Overby, 2009). India is bordered by Pakistan on one side and one only has to remember Pakistan’s association with extremists groups to understand the spate of terrorist attacks in India. It is high time therefore to consider an alternative and a quick glance at Asia will reveal that there is none better than the Philippines. Considering the Philippines There are many advantages in choosing this country as a BPO destination and these are listed as follows: 1. Outsourcing rates are low and can easily compete with those of India; 2. Transportation such as flights coming from the Western hemisphere is arguably better than other Asian countries; 3. It is culturally compatible with the United States because it was a U. S. commonwealth in the early 20th century up to 1946; 4. English is widely spoken and can be considered as the second national language; and 5. The most successful outsourcing engagements in this country are for call centres (Mezak, 2006). If seems that both countries are evenly matched in many aspects pertaining to BPO. The Philippines can boast of a highly-skilled workforce considering that it has one of the highest literacy rates in Asia, even higher than India. The only reason that India can offer more tech-savvy workers is due to the fact that there are a billion people in India while the Philippines has only less than one hundred million people. But in the English department both countries can provide excellent service. When the Americans came to this nation in the early part of the 20th century the country was exposed to world class education systems and even if the Americans left in the middle of the 20th century the Filipinos were able to adapt and they were able to create a system that can produce top calibre graduates annually. But there is one problem with the Philippines, â€Å"†¦it is the lack of skilled project management and experience with large software development projects †¦ it is easier to find body shops offering programmers than vendors with well-structured and well-managed teams of programmers† (Mezak, 2006). This is where India has a clear advantage over this tiny island nation. Yet, again the Philippines will not give up that easily, based on a 2007 report, Barclaycard already closed its call centre in Manchester and since the Philippines excelled in this type of business process outsourcing then it must be considered as a future destination of Barclaycard’s call centres. Conclusion Without a doubt, outsourcing is a must if a global conglomerate hopes to stay competitive in the 21st century. If one considers outsourcing, there are three things will easily come to mind, cost-efficiency, cost-efficiency and more cost-efficiency. There is no executive in this planet that will pass up the opportunity to streamline operations and make more money in the process while retaining customer loyalty through the creation of customer friendly operations. With globalisation comes wage increase and various overhead costs that can easily force a company to bankruptcy if excess fat is not trimmed down. Instead of reducing the size of the company it is much better to outsource. With the advent of modern technology and the efficiency of 21st century transportation services it is easy to do business on a global scale. Barclaycard is just one of the many European powerhouses eager to outsource and there are three destinations: the Republic of Ireland, the Philippines and India. The Republic of Ireland already dropped out of contention considering that it is located in Europe and logic dictates that competitive outsourcing rates can only be found in Asia. Considering the fact that Barclaycard is into the credit card business and that outsourcing requirements entails the capability to provide English speaking and tech-savvy personnel there are only two remaining contestants bidding for the rich rewards of outsourcing contracts – India and the Philippines. At first glance it seems that India is the best choice for Barclaycard. This is because India has already proven itself in the BPO business especially in the IT sector which is a major requirement for Barclaycard. It boasts of English speaking and tech savvy personnel that can easily handle communication needs of the said UK firm. Moreover, if there is a need for programmers, the ability to communicate with English speaking Indian programmers are a definite advantage as compared to the hassle when communicating with programmers from other countries with poor English proficiency. There are other non-tangible advantages for India. While the Philippines was under the control of the American in the early part of the 20th century, India was for many centuries under the hegemony of Great Britain. If the Filipinos were heavily influenced by American culture, Indians were heavily influenced by British culture. As many will know there is quite a difference between U. S. English and U. K. English. If this is an important consideration for Barclaycard’s outsourcing needs then India will win hands down. If one combines this with the technical capabilities of Indian workers then this combination of factors will be very difficult to beat. On the other hand India has its share of weaknesses. India is suffering from a bad image following the debacle of Satyam, one of India’s top IT providers. The scandal that hounds Satyam will easily make future investors uneasy with the idea that they are placing all their eggs in one basket. If this is combined with the recent spate of terrorist attacks then capital flight will most likely follow. If there are less investors willing to invest then India’s IT infrastructure will not be upgraded and more bad news will follow. The security threat is also serious because outsourcing is a strategy with inherent risks and yet CEOs are willing to beat the odds with the promise of profitability and efficiency. But if terrorist attacks will continue then there is a chance that operations can be affected. Barclaycard could not afford to lose one day of inactivity due to security problems. It is therefore logical to consider the Philippines as an alternative. It is also a nation blessed with English speaking and tech savvy personnel. Furthermore, the Philippines is lagging behind India thus it will remain competitive with its outsourcing rates to attract more customers and investors. If Barclaycard will choose the Philippines then it can expect more savings and therefore increase the satisfaction of key investors. On the other hand the Philippines is not yet ready to wrest the crown away from India. The debate will never end. There are strengths and weaknesses for both countries but it seems that Barclaycard has spoken. Two years ago Barclaycard made an important decision, â€Å"Barclaycard will move some of its operations to India following the announcement it is to close its Manchester call centre this summer† (Ferguson, 2007). While the Philippines is also strong in the call centre industry, India can provide something that is beyond the grasp of the Philippines. It is a country that is culturally similar to the United Kingdom and therefore the Indians are more adept with UK English as compared to the Filipinos. Furthermore, India was once under the domain of Great Britain and therefore Indian laws and their current legal system closely mirrors that of the UK and so for Barclaycard it can be argued that it is easier to do business in India as compared to the Philippines. References Brierley, S. (2005). The Advertising Handbook. UK: Routledge. Buttle, F. (1996). Relationship Marketing. UK: Paul Chapman Publishing, Ltd. Brown, D. (2005). The Black Book of Outsourcing How to Manage the Changes, Challenges, and Opportunities. New Jersey: Wiley Sons, Inc. Ferguson, T. (2007). â€Å"Barclaycard Closes Call Centre, Offshores to India. † CBS Interactive Retrieved 09 March 2009 from http://services. silicon. com/ offshoring/0,3800004877,39166239,00. htm Kobayashi-Hillary, M. (2004). Outsourcing to India. Germany: Springer-Verlag. Mezak, S. (2006). Software Without Borders. California: Earthrise Press. Moody’s Investor’s Service. (2009). â€Å"India to Remain Among Top Outsourcing Destinations: Moodys. † Retrieved 09 March 2009 from The Economic Times. http://economictimes. indiatimes. com/Infotech/ITeS/India-to-remain-among-top- outsourcing- destinations-Moodys/rssarticleshow/4241062. cms Overby, S. (2009). â€Å"Philippines Looks Beyond the Call Center for Future Outsourcing Growth. † Retrieved 09 March 2009 from CIO Magazine http://www. cio. com/article/483178/Philippines_Looks_Beyond_the_Call_Center_for_Fut ure_Outsourcing_Growth Pogson, I. (2008). Outsourcing from the UK to the Far East. In Outsourcing and Human Resource Management R. Taplin (Ed. ). UK: Routledge How to cite UK’s Barclaycard and the Need to Outsource, Papers

Ethical Issues in the Field Of Medicine-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss the legal and ethical issues faced in the medical field in regard to the given case. Answer: Introduction Every profession has certain legal and ethical standards, which, at times can tend to collide with each other. For example, in medicine, the legal standards often contradict the ethical norms and create dilemmas, making it very difficult to solve by choosing the right option. Ethical values followed by the medical practitioners are the standard rules of Bioethics, as set by the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights (UDBHR) (Plomer, 2013). This essay will discuss the legal and ethical issues faced in the medical field in regard to the given case, focussing on the principles of each that often contradict one another. Legal issues: The elements of a valid informed consent must be present in the given scenario for the paramedics to conduct the treatment of Richards heat shock (Lamont, Jeon, Chiarella, 2013). Firstly, Richard must be let known about the pros and cons of treatment by the paramedics. Secondly, he must be made aware of the consequences of both having and not having the treatment done on him. Lastly, he must be made aware of the necessity of such treatment, by the paramedics.The law on bioethics (UDBHR) for medicine states clearly that the elements of informed consent must be present before the treatment of any patient. In addition, the law states that in case of treatment without consent of the patient, the medical practitioners will be held legally liable (Wells Kaptchuk, 2012). The paramedics have the right to treat Richard for his head injury, even though he had refused their treatment for heat shock, previously. It is so, because according to the exceptions to the principle of informed consent, a medical practitioner need not obtain the consent of a patient for treatment in case of emergency when the patient is unable to consent. Therefore, in this given case, even though the medical crew did not obtain Richards informed consent for the heat shock treatment, they can provide treatment for his head injury, as after his head was injured, Richard was unable to give consent and it was an urgent and emergency situation (Flynn et al., 2012). The law of bioethics(UDBHR)states that during a treatment, if another problem crops up which isresolved by doing the initial treatment, the medical practitioner need not require the consent of the patient(Kaye et al., 2015). Therefore, in this case, Richard was incapable of providingconsent because ofhis head injury andcranio-facial surgery was necessary(Garrino et al., 2015), therefore, the medical practitioners did not need consent for Richards cranio-facial surgery. This is clearly stated under the law of bioethics and is also an exception to the principle of informed consent. Richard is a resident of Queensland, Australia, where his wife Meryl and children live. At the time of the head injury, Richards wife was not present, and Lucas took charge of Richard. He had called the paramedics after Richard suffered the head injury and at the same time informed Richards wife, Meryl. The paramedics decided toadmit Richard to a major hospital in Brisbane, which meant he was flown by air ambulance. Richards wife, after being informed by Lucas about Richards injury, straightaway went to the hospital.Lucas drove down to the hospital and by the time he reached to the hospital Meryl was already there. In the circumstances, treatment decisions related to Richard depends on Meryl, as she has a legal relationship with Richard and has the right to make decisions for him. Lucas, who initially took responsibility for Richard, has no legal relationship with Richard and cannot make decisions regarding his health treatment (Bickenbach, 2012). Hence, Richards wife will be the one to take decisions regarding Richards treatment based on their legal relationship (Stewart, 2012). In case of any disagreement regarding any decision for Richards treatment, between Meryl and the medical practitioners, the only option that will be left is to obtain the decisions of the Queensland Civil Administrative Tribunal (QCAT), which decides these kinds of cases, brought before it by any medical practitioner regarding the treatment of patients requiring special medical care. If the medical practitioners believe that Meryls decisions regarding Richards treatment are not the best course of action medically they will approach QCAT. In no condition, the decisions of Lucas will not prevail due to the presence of Meryl, as Lucas, being a friend of Richard, shares no legal relationship with Richard. Therefore, the issue is the difference between what Meryl wants and what is regarded as medically the best course of action. In such cases, QCAT investigates the medical condition of the patient and after its investigation, gives a verdict based on the medical issue. QCAT is the only legal authority in Queensland that has the authority to decide the future treatment of Richard in this case, if the medical practitioners dont agree with Meryls wishes regarding the same (Ries, Thompson Lowe, 2017). In order to withdraw the life sustaining measures Richard is surviving on, certain factors are required to beconsidered, including the current health condition of the patient and whether there is any chance of recovery if life sustaining measures are discontinued and whether there is any other feasible option available that can cure the patient (Alberthsen et al., 2013). The decisionof QCAT must be obeyed if the case has been referred to it, as once a case is referred to QCAT, the decision becomes legally binding. Ethical issues Two principles, which can be identified in this case, are those of autonomy and beneficence. The principle of autonomy deals with informed consent. According to theprinciple of autonomy under theUDBHR, a patient, or their legal representative,must be provided with information, by the medical practitioners, about the pros and cons of a particular treatment before the treatment is actually done. Disclosure must be madeabout the necessities of such treatment and the circumstances of avoiding it. However, the most important aspect of this principle is that the patient must give consent to go through a particular treatment, provided, they are competent to do so (Padulo et al., 2013). This principle also states that such a decision of the patient must be made without coercion or fraud. If the patient refuses to go through the treatment, then such treatment must not happen.No medical staff can refuse treatment if the patient wants it(Herring, 2014). The principle of beneficence states that the medical practitioners are required to perform, keeping in mind the benefits to the patient, with all the knowledge and skill they possess (Page, 2012). Taking into consideration the facts of this scenario, the two abovementioned principles apply. In the given case, the principle of autonomy, which states the rule of the self, that is free from controlling interferences by others and free from personal limitations that prevent meaningful choice of a person. An autonomous individual acts intentionally, without controlling influences and with understanding. It also includes the principle of informed consent,that applies in the given case because during Richards heat shock the paramedics could not conduct his treatment as Richard refused it. Later, the same paramedics took charge of Richards treatment and legally admitted him to the hospital without his consent. It is so because the principle of informed consent states that during an emergency situation, when a person is not able to consent and the situation requires immediate treatment, it is not required to obtain informed consent in such situations. Both these incidents attract the principles of informed consent under the principle of autonomy (Hess et al., 2015). On the other hand, the principle of beneficence applies in the given case as there was a clash between the opinions of Meryl and Lucas,and the medical practitioners regarding Richards treatment. It is the principle of beneficence under which the differences in opinion will get resolved and the medical practitioners will be able to act in accordance with the best treatment process for Richard ( Fisher, 2016). The stakeholders in the given scenario are Meryl, Lucas and the medical practitioners. The ethical values of all three differ.Lucas, on the one hand, does not want his friend, Richard,to go through unnecessary pain and suffering, as he had once asked Lucas to turn life-support machines off if he ever suffered from any incurable disease or disability. The life-support machines keeping Richard alive were not improving Richards health. Therefore, Lucas wanted Richard to be relieved of this unnecessary pain and suffering and have the life support-machines turned off, so that Richard could die peacefully. The opinion of the medical practitioners is that the life-support machines were not improving Richards health and were causing nothing but unnecessary pain and suffering to Richard.On the other hand, Meryl believes that Richard will get cured someday, as cures have happened in similar cases. In this situation, there will be conflict between the values of Meryl and the medical practitione rs and the principles of autonomy and the principle of beneficence. The principle of autonomy will collide with the values of the medical practitioner because Richards or his representatives consent is required for stopping the life-support measures. Lucass opinion or values wont collide as he has no legal authority, being just a friend of Richard.The principle of beneficence will collide with the values of Meryl because according to the principle, the medical practitionershave an option to take such steps that are beneficial for the patient(Beauchamp, 2016). According to the medical staff, they also believed that further treatment will not be of any use for Richard and as there was a clash of opinion between the medical practitioners and Meryl, they can refer the case to the QCAT and the QCATs decision will prevail in this case. According to Kerridges et al (2013) modified model for solving ethical issues, there is no particular solution to the ethical issues or problems that arise in the medical field. Kerridges modified model for solving ethical issues can be called ethical parameters, which are required to be maintained by all medical practitioners, during any medical or nursing practices. The model suggests that, this void needs to be filled with a conceptual understanding in accordance with the nature of the situationwhich is difficult to deal with and where there are two or more alternatives which are equally undesirable (Degeling, 2015). However, according to this modified model of Kerridge, along with the Australian courts, the focus must be on the patient. One way to solve the conflict between ethical values and other contradicting principles is to put the focus on the want and well-being of the patient. In this case, as there is a conflict between the principles of law and ethical values, focus should be on the patient. Lucas mentioned that Richard had asked him to end his life, if he ever suffers from an incurable medical condition. By saying so, Richard meant that he wanted Lucas not to prolong his life unnecessarily by any medical means, if he suffers from an incurable disease or incurable disability.In this case the choice that is better for the patient must be the area of importance, rather than remaining in a dilemma due to the conflicting values of the medical practitioners and Meryl.Kerridges et al. (2013) modified version states that medical advancement and ethics vary from country to country and hospital to hospital. It is very difficult to find the same clinical ethics everywhere. The type of practitioner and the technologies pertaining to medical science also differ in different places. In complicated medical cases where the values and the medical ethics collide, it can only be solved when the medical practitioners use the help of better medical practitioners and advanced technologies to determine the condition of the patient and to find out the suitable treatment for the patient. As stated earlier, the want of the patient is also to be considered. Therefore, according to the modified solutions for ethical problems in medicine, by Kerridge et al. (2013), as Richards health condition, even after treatment for a long period, was not improving and there is a clash between the values and decisions of the medical practitioners and Meryl regarding Richards treatment, the medical practitioners should first use the most advanced method to determine what is the best option regarding Richa rds health and then give importance to what Richard wants. It is also mentioned in the case that Richard would rather choose death than suffering from such a disease. The medical practitioners believed that the best option is to stop Richards treatment. Hence, the medical practitioners should consult QCAT. Conclusion From the above discussion it is clear that the medical profession is driven by various legal and ethical principles which often collide and create legal and ethical issues. It discusses these principles of ethics and laws, in relation to medicine, in the lights of a given case. It includes the principles of autonomy and beneficence. It states the steps a medical practitioner should follow under different situations and the steps they should take at times of ethical dilemmas. In addition, the above discussion also mentions the powers of QCAT, which is the legal authority in Queensland in relation to such complicated medical cases. Finally, the essay concludes by focusing on the modified model, by Kerridge, for solving ethical problems, especially in the field of medicine. References: Alberthsen, C., Rand, J. S., Bennett, P. C., Paterson, M., Lawrie, M., Morton, J. M. (2013). 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